Integrand size = 29, antiderivative size = 141 \[ \int \frac {\sqrt {c+d \sec (e+f x)}}{\sqrt {a+a \sec (e+f x)}} \, dx=\frac {2 \sqrt {c} \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {a} \sqrt {c} \tan (e+f x)}{\sqrt {a+a \sec (e+f x)} \sqrt {c+d \sec (e+f x)}}\right )}{\sqrt {a} f}-\frac {\sqrt {2} \sqrt {c-d} \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {a} \sqrt {c-d} \tan (e+f x)}{\sqrt {2} \sqrt {a+a \sec (e+f x)} \sqrt {c+d \sec (e+f x)}}\right )}{\sqrt {a} f} \]
2*arctan(a^(1/2)*c^(1/2)*tan(f*x+e)/(a+a*sec(f*x+e))^(1/2)/(c+d*sec(f*x+e) )^(1/2))*c^(1/2)/f/a^(1/2)-arctan(1/2*a^(1/2)*(c-d)^(1/2)*tan(f*x+e)*2^(1/ 2)/(a+a*sec(f*x+e))^(1/2)/(c+d*sec(f*x+e))^(1/2))*2^(1/2)*(c-d)^(1/2)/f/a^ (1/2)
Time = 13.07 (sec) , antiderivative size = 184, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.30 \[ \int \frac {\sqrt {c+d \sec (e+f x)}}{\sqrt {a+a \sec (e+f x)}} \, dx=\frac {2 \cos \left (\frac {1}{2} (e+f x)\right ) \left (\sqrt {-c+d} \text {arctanh}\left (\frac {\sqrt {-c+d} \sin \left (\frac {1}{2} (e+f x)\right )}{\sqrt {d+c \cos (e+f x)}}\right )+\frac {\sqrt {2} \sqrt {c} \sqrt {c+d} \arcsin \left (\frac {\sqrt {2} \sqrt {c} \sin \left (\frac {1}{2} (e+f x)\right )}{\sqrt {c+d}}\right ) \sqrt {\frac {d+c \cos (e+f x)}{c+d}}}{\sqrt {d+c \cos (e+f x)}}\right ) \sqrt {c+d \sec (e+f x)}}{f \sqrt {d+c \cos (e+f x)} \sqrt {a (1+\sec (e+f x))}} \]
(2*Cos[(e + f*x)/2]*(Sqrt[-c + d]*ArcTanh[(Sqrt[-c + d]*Sin[(e + f*x)/2])/ Sqrt[d + c*Cos[e + f*x]]] + (Sqrt[2]*Sqrt[c]*Sqrt[c + d]*ArcSin[(Sqrt[2]*S qrt[c]*Sin[(e + f*x)/2])/Sqrt[c + d]]*Sqrt[(d + c*Cos[e + f*x])/(c + d)])/ Sqrt[d + c*Cos[e + f*x]])*Sqrt[c + d*Sec[e + f*x]])/(f*Sqrt[d + c*Cos[e + f*x]]*Sqrt[a*(1 + Sec[e + f*x])])
Time = 0.75 (sec) , antiderivative size = 141, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.00, number of steps used = 8, number of rules used = 7, \(\frac {\text {number of rules}}{\text {integrand size}}\) = 0.241, Rules used = {3042, 4423, 3042, 4422, 216, 4471, 216}
Below are the steps used by Rubi to obtain the solution. The rule number used for the transformation is given above next to the arrow. The rules definitions used are listed below.
| \(\displaystyle \int \frac {\sqrt {c+d \sec (e+f x)}}{\sqrt {a \sec (e+f x)+a}} \, dx\) |
| \(\Big \downarrow \) 3042 |
| \(\displaystyle \int \frac {\sqrt {c+d \csc \left (e+f x+\frac {\pi }{2}\right )}}{\sqrt {a \csc \left (e+f x+\frac {\pi }{2}\right )+a}}dx\) |
| \(\Big \downarrow \) 4423 |
| \(\displaystyle \frac {c \int \frac {\sqrt {\sec (e+f x) a+a}}{\sqrt {c+d \sec (e+f x)}}dx}{a}-(c-d) \int \frac {\sec (e+f x)}{\sqrt {\sec (e+f x) a+a} \sqrt {c+d \sec (e+f x)}}dx\) |
| \(\Big \downarrow \) 3042 |
| \(\displaystyle \frac {c \int \frac {\sqrt {\csc \left (e+f x+\frac {\pi }{2}\right ) a+a}}{\sqrt {c+d \csc \left (e+f x+\frac {\pi }{2}\right )}}dx}{a}-(c-d) \int \frac {\csc \left (e+f x+\frac {\pi }{2}\right )}{\sqrt {\csc \left (e+f x+\frac {\pi }{2}\right ) a+a} \sqrt {c+d \csc \left (e+f x+\frac {\pi }{2}\right )}}dx\) |
| \(\Big \downarrow \) 4422 |
| \(\displaystyle -\left ((c-d) \int \frac {\csc \left (e+f x+\frac {\pi }{2}\right )}{\sqrt {\csc \left (e+f x+\frac {\pi }{2}\right ) a+a} \sqrt {c+d \csc \left (e+f x+\frac {\pi }{2}\right )}}dx\right )-\frac {2 c \int \frac {1}{\frac {a c \tan ^2(e+f x)}{(\sec (e+f x) a+a) (c+d \sec (e+f x))}+1}d\left (-\frac {\tan (e+f x)}{\sqrt {\sec (e+f x) a+a} \sqrt {c+d \sec (e+f x)}}\right )}{f}\) |
| \(\Big \downarrow \) 216 |
| \(\displaystyle \frac {2 \sqrt {c} \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {a} \sqrt {c} \tan (e+f x)}{\sqrt {a \sec (e+f x)+a} \sqrt {c+d \sec (e+f x)}}\right )}{\sqrt {a} f}-(c-d) \int \frac {\csc \left (e+f x+\frac {\pi }{2}\right )}{\sqrt {\csc \left (e+f x+\frac {\pi }{2}\right ) a+a} \sqrt {c+d \csc \left (e+f x+\frac {\pi }{2}\right )}}dx\) |
| \(\Big \downarrow \) 4471 |
| \(\displaystyle \frac {2 (c-d) \int \frac {1}{\frac {a (c-d) \tan ^2(e+f x)}{(\sec (e+f x) a+a) (c+d \sec (e+f x))}+2}d\left (-\frac {\tan (e+f x)}{\sqrt {\sec (e+f x) a+a} \sqrt {c+d \sec (e+f x)}}\right )}{f}+\frac {2 \sqrt {c} \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {a} \sqrt {c} \tan (e+f x)}{\sqrt {a \sec (e+f x)+a} \sqrt {c+d \sec (e+f x)}}\right )}{\sqrt {a} f}\) |
| \(\Big \downarrow \) 216 |
| \(\displaystyle \frac {2 \sqrt {c} \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {a} \sqrt {c} \tan (e+f x)}{\sqrt {a \sec (e+f x)+a} \sqrt {c+d \sec (e+f x)}}\right )}{\sqrt {a} f}-\frac {\sqrt {2} \sqrt {c-d} \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {a} \sqrt {c-d} \tan (e+f x)}{\sqrt {2} \sqrt {a \sec (e+f x)+a} \sqrt {c+d \sec (e+f x)}}\right )}{\sqrt {a} f}\) |
(2*Sqrt[c]*ArcTan[(Sqrt[a]*Sqrt[c]*Tan[e + f*x])/(Sqrt[a + a*Sec[e + f*x]] *Sqrt[c + d*Sec[e + f*x]])])/(Sqrt[a]*f) - (Sqrt[2]*Sqrt[c - d]*ArcTan[(Sq rt[a]*Sqrt[c - d]*Tan[e + f*x])/(Sqrt[2]*Sqrt[a + a*Sec[e + f*x]]*Sqrt[c + d*Sec[e + f*x]])])/(Sqrt[a]*f)
3.2.87.3.1 Defintions of rubi rules used
Int[((a_) + (b_.)*(x_)^2)^(-1), x_Symbol] :> Simp[(1/(Rt[a, 2]*Rt[b, 2]))*A rcTan[Rt[b, 2]*(x/Rt[a, 2])], x] /; FreeQ[{a, b}, x] && PosQ[a/b] && (GtQ[a , 0] || GtQ[b, 0])
Int[Sqrt[csc[(e_.) + (f_.)*(x_)]*(b_.) + (a_)]/Sqrt[csc[(e_.) + (f_.)*(x_)] *(d_.) + (c_)], x_Symbol] :> Simp[-2*(a/f) Subst[Int[1/(1 + a*c*x^2), x], x, Cot[e + f*x]/(Sqrt[a + b*Csc[e + f*x]]*Sqrt[c + d*Csc[e + f*x]])], x] / ; FreeQ[{a, b, c, d, e, f}, x] && NeQ[b*c - a*d, 0] && EqQ[a^2 - b^2, 0] && NeQ[c^2 - d^2, 0]
Int[Sqrt[csc[(e_.) + (f_.)*(x_)]*(b_.) + (a_)]/Sqrt[csc[(e_.) + (f_.)*(x_)] *(d_.) + (c_)], x_Symbol] :> Simp[a/c Int[Sqrt[c + d*Csc[e + f*x]]/Sqrt[a + b*Csc[e + f*x]], x], x] + Simp[(b*c - a*d)/c Int[Csc[e + f*x]/(Sqrt[a + b*Csc[e + f*x]]*Sqrt[c + d*Csc[e + f*x]]), x], x] /; FreeQ[{a, b, c, d, e , f}, x] && NeQ[b*c - a*d, 0] && NeQ[a^2 - b^2, 0] && EqQ[c^2 - d^2, 0]
Int[csc[(e_.) + (f_.)*(x_)]/(Sqrt[csc[(e_.) + (f_.)*(x_)]*(b_.) + (a_)]*Sqr t[csc[(e_.) + (f_.)*(x_)]*(d_.) + (c_)]), x_Symbol] :> Simp[-2*(a/(b*f)) Subst[Int[1/(2 + (a*c - b*d)*x^2), x], x, Cot[e + f*x]/(Sqrt[a + b*Csc[e + f*x]]*Sqrt[c + d*Csc[e + f*x]])], x] /; FreeQ[{a, b, c, d, e, f}, x] && NeQ [b*c - a*d, 0] && EqQ[a^2 - b^2, 0] && NeQ[c^2 - d^2, 0]
Leaf count of result is larger than twice the leaf count of optimal. \(422\) vs. \(2(114)=228\).
Time = 2.72 (sec) , antiderivative size = 423, normalized size of antiderivative = 3.00
| method | result | size |
| default | \(-\frac {2 \sqrt {c +d \sec \left (f x +e \right )}\, \sqrt {a \left (\sec \left (f x +e \right )+1\right )}\, \left (\sqrt {2}\, \sqrt {-\left (c -d \right )^{4} c}\, \arctan \left (\frac {\left (c -d \right )^{2} c \sqrt {2}\, \sin \left (f x +e \right )}{\sqrt {-\left (c -d \right )^{4} c}\, \left (\cos \left (f x +e \right )+1\right ) \sqrt {-\frac {2 \left (d +c \cos \left (f x +e \right )\right )}{\cos \left (f x +e \right )+1}}}\right ) \sqrt {c -d}-\ln \left (\sqrt {-\frac {2 \left (d +c \cos \left (f x +e \right )\right )}{\cos \left (f x +e \right )+1}}-\sqrt {c -d}\, \cot \left (f x +e \right )+\sqrt {c -d}\, \csc \left (f x +e \right )\right ) c^{3}+3 \ln \left (\sqrt {-\frac {2 \left (d +c \cos \left (f x +e \right )\right )}{\cos \left (f x +e \right )+1}}-\sqrt {c -d}\, \cot \left (f x +e \right )+\sqrt {c -d}\, \csc \left (f x +e \right )\right ) c^{2} d -3 \ln \left (\sqrt {-\frac {2 \left (d +c \cos \left (f x +e \right )\right )}{\cos \left (f x +e \right )+1}}-\sqrt {c -d}\, \cot \left (f x +e \right )+\sqrt {c -d}\, \csc \left (f x +e \right )\right ) c \,d^{2}+\ln \left (\sqrt {-\frac {2 \left (d +c \cos \left (f x +e \right )\right )}{\cos \left (f x +e \right )+1}}-\sqrt {c -d}\, \cot \left (f x +e \right )+\sqrt {c -d}\, \csc \left (f x +e \right )\right ) d^{3}\right ) \cos \left (f x +e \right )}{f a \sqrt {c -d}\, \left (c^{2}-2 c d +d^{2}\right ) \left (\cos \left (f x +e \right )+1\right ) \sqrt {-\frac {2 \left (d +c \cos \left (f x +e \right )\right )}{\cos \left (f x +e \right )+1}}}\) | \(423\) |
-2/f/a/(c-d)^(1/2)/(c^2-2*c*d+d^2)*(c+d*sec(f*x+e))^(1/2)*(a*(sec(f*x+e)+1 ))^(1/2)*(2^(1/2)*(-(c-d)^4*c)^(1/2)*arctan((c-d)^2*c*2^(1/2)/(-(c-d)^4*c) ^(1/2)*sin(f*x+e)/(cos(f*x+e)+1)/(-2*(d+c*cos(f*x+e))/(cos(f*x+e)+1))^(1/2 ))*(c-d)^(1/2)-ln((-2*(d+c*cos(f*x+e))/(cos(f*x+e)+1))^(1/2)-(c-d)^(1/2)*c ot(f*x+e)+(c-d)^(1/2)*csc(f*x+e))*c^3+3*ln((-2*(d+c*cos(f*x+e))/(cos(f*x+e )+1))^(1/2)-(c-d)^(1/2)*cot(f*x+e)+(c-d)^(1/2)*csc(f*x+e))*c^2*d-3*ln((-2* (d+c*cos(f*x+e))/(cos(f*x+e)+1))^(1/2)-(c-d)^(1/2)*cot(f*x+e)+(c-d)^(1/2)* csc(f*x+e))*c*d^2+ln((-2*(d+c*cos(f*x+e))/(cos(f*x+e)+1))^(1/2)-(c-d)^(1/2 )*cot(f*x+e)+(c-d)^(1/2)*csc(f*x+e))*d^3)*cos(f*x+e)/(cos(f*x+e)+1)/(-2*(d +c*cos(f*x+e))/(cos(f*x+e)+1))^(1/2)
Time = 0.57 (sec) , antiderivative size = 883, normalized size of antiderivative = 6.26 \[ \int \frac {\sqrt {c+d \sec (e+f x)}}{\sqrt {a+a \sec (e+f x)}} \, dx=\left [\frac {\sqrt {2} \sqrt {-\frac {c - d}{a}} \log \left (\frac {2 \, \sqrt {2} \sqrt {-\frac {c - d}{a}} \sqrt {\frac {a \cos \left (f x + e\right ) + a}{\cos \left (f x + e\right )}} \sqrt {\frac {c \cos \left (f x + e\right ) + d}{\cos \left (f x + e\right )}} \cos \left (f x + e\right ) \sin \left (f x + e\right ) + {\left (3 \, c - d\right )} \cos \left (f x + e\right )^{2} + 2 \, {\left (c + d\right )} \cos \left (f x + e\right ) - c + 3 \, d}{\cos \left (f x + e\right )^{2} + 2 \, \cos \left (f x + e\right ) + 1}\right ) + 2 \, \sqrt {-\frac {c}{a}} \log \left (-\frac {2 \, \sqrt {-\frac {c}{a}} \sqrt {\frac {a \cos \left (f x + e\right ) + a}{\cos \left (f x + e\right )}} \sqrt {\frac {c \cos \left (f x + e\right ) + d}{\cos \left (f x + e\right )}} \cos \left (f x + e\right ) \sin \left (f x + e\right ) - 2 \, c \cos \left (f x + e\right )^{2} - {\left (c + d\right )} \cos \left (f x + e\right ) + c - d}{\cos \left (f x + e\right ) + 1}\right )}{2 \, f}, \frac {\sqrt {2} \sqrt {-\frac {c - d}{a}} \log \left (\frac {2 \, \sqrt {2} \sqrt {-\frac {c - d}{a}} \sqrt {\frac {a \cos \left (f x + e\right ) + a}{\cos \left (f x + e\right )}} \sqrt {\frac {c \cos \left (f x + e\right ) + d}{\cos \left (f x + e\right )}} \cos \left (f x + e\right ) \sin \left (f x + e\right ) + {\left (3 \, c - d\right )} \cos \left (f x + e\right )^{2} + 2 \, {\left (c + d\right )} \cos \left (f x + e\right ) - c + 3 \, d}{\cos \left (f x + e\right )^{2} + 2 \, \cos \left (f x + e\right ) + 1}\right ) - 4 \, \sqrt {\frac {c}{a}} \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {\frac {c}{a}} \sqrt {\frac {a \cos \left (f x + e\right ) + a}{\cos \left (f x + e\right )}} \sqrt {\frac {c \cos \left (f x + e\right ) + d}{\cos \left (f x + e\right )}} \cos \left (f x + e\right )}{c \sin \left (f x + e\right )}\right )}{2 \, f}, -\frac {\sqrt {2} \sqrt {\frac {c - d}{a}} \arctan \left (-\frac {\sqrt {2} \sqrt {\frac {c - d}{a}} \sqrt {\frac {a \cos \left (f x + e\right ) + a}{\cos \left (f x + e\right )}} \sqrt {\frac {c \cos \left (f x + e\right ) + d}{\cos \left (f x + e\right )}} \cos \left (f x + e\right )}{{\left (c - d\right )} \sin \left (f x + e\right )}\right ) - \sqrt {-\frac {c}{a}} \log \left (-\frac {2 \, \sqrt {-\frac {c}{a}} \sqrt {\frac {a \cos \left (f x + e\right ) + a}{\cos \left (f x + e\right )}} \sqrt {\frac {c \cos \left (f x + e\right ) + d}{\cos \left (f x + e\right )}} \cos \left (f x + e\right ) \sin \left (f x + e\right ) - 2 \, c \cos \left (f x + e\right )^{2} - {\left (c + d\right )} \cos \left (f x + e\right ) + c - d}{\cos \left (f x + e\right ) + 1}\right )}{f}, -\frac {\sqrt {2} \sqrt {\frac {c - d}{a}} \arctan \left (-\frac {\sqrt {2} \sqrt {\frac {c - d}{a}} \sqrt {\frac {a \cos \left (f x + e\right ) + a}{\cos \left (f x + e\right )}} \sqrt {\frac {c \cos \left (f x + e\right ) + d}{\cos \left (f x + e\right )}} \cos \left (f x + e\right )}{{\left (c - d\right )} \sin \left (f x + e\right )}\right ) + 2 \, \sqrt {\frac {c}{a}} \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {\frac {c}{a}} \sqrt {\frac {a \cos \left (f x + e\right ) + a}{\cos \left (f x + e\right )}} \sqrt {\frac {c \cos \left (f x + e\right ) + d}{\cos \left (f x + e\right )}} \cos \left (f x + e\right )}{c \sin \left (f x + e\right )}\right )}{f}\right ] \]
[1/2*(sqrt(2)*sqrt(-(c - d)/a)*log((2*sqrt(2)*sqrt(-(c - d)/a)*sqrt((a*cos (f*x + e) + a)/cos(f*x + e))*sqrt((c*cos(f*x + e) + d)/cos(f*x + e))*cos(f *x + e)*sin(f*x + e) + (3*c - d)*cos(f*x + e)^2 + 2*(c + d)*cos(f*x + e) - c + 3*d)/(cos(f*x + e)^2 + 2*cos(f*x + e) + 1)) + 2*sqrt(-c/a)*log(-(2*sq rt(-c/a)*sqrt((a*cos(f*x + e) + a)/cos(f*x + e))*sqrt((c*cos(f*x + e) + d) /cos(f*x + e))*cos(f*x + e)*sin(f*x + e) - 2*c*cos(f*x + e)^2 - (c + d)*co s(f*x + e) + c - d)/(cos(f*x + e) + 1)))/f, 1/2*(sqrt(2)*sqrt(-(c - d)/a)* log((2*sqrt(2)*sqrt(-(c - d)/a)*sqrt((a*cos(f*x + e) + a)/cos(f*x + e))*sq rt((c*cos(f*x + e) + d)/cos(f*x + e))*cos(f*x + e)*sin(f*x + e) + (3*c - d )*cos(f*x + e)^2 + 2*(c + d)*cos(f*x + e) - c + 3*d)/(cos(f*x + e)^2 + 2*c os(f*x + e) + 1)) - 4*sqrt(c/a)*arctan(sqrt(c/a)*sqrt((a*cos(f*x + e) + a) /cos(f*x + e))*sqrt((c*cos(f*x + e) + d)/cos(f*x + e))*cos(f*x + e)/(c*sin (f*x + e))))/f, -(sqrt(2)*sqrt((c - d)/a)*arctan(-sqrt(2)*sqrt((c - d)/a)* sqrt((a*cos(f*x + e) + a)/cos(f*x + e))*sqrt((c*cos(f*x + e) + d)/cos(f*x + e))*cos(f*x + e)/((c - d)*sin(f*x + e))) - sqrt(-c/a)*log(-(2*sqrt(-c/a) *sqrt((a*cos(f*x + e) + a)/cos(f*x + e))*sqrt((c*cos(f*x + e) + d)/cos(f*x + e))*cos(f*x + e)*sin(f*x + e) - 2*c*cos(f*x + e)^2 - (c + d)*cos(f*x + e) + c - d)/(cos(f*x + e) + 1)))/f, -(sqrt(2)*sqrt((c - d)/a)*arctan(-sqrt (2)*sqrt((c - d)/a)*sqrt((a*cos(f*x + e) + a)/cos(f*x + e))*sqrt((c*cos(f* x + e) + d)/cos(f*x + e))*cos(f*x + e)/((c - d)*sin(f*x + e))) + 2*sqrt...
\[ \int \frac {\sqrt {c+d \sec (e+f x)}}{\sqrt {a+a \sec (e+f x)}} \, dx=\int \frac {\sqrt {c + d \sec {\left (e + f x \right )}}}{\sqrt {a \left (\sec {\left (e + f x \right )} + 1\right )}}\, dx \]
Exception generated. \[ \int \frac {\sqrt {c+d \sec (e+f x)}}{\sqrt {a+a \sec (e+f x)}} \, dx=\text {Exception raised: ValueError} \]
Exception raised: ValueError >> Computation failed since Maxima requested additional constraints; using the 'assume' command before evaluation *may* help (example of legal syntax is 'assume(d-c>0)', see `assume?` for more details)Is
\[ \int \frac {\sqrt {c+d \sec (e+f x)}}{\sqrt {a+a \sec (e+f x)}} \, dx=\int { \frac {\sqrt {d \sec \left (f x + e\right ) + c}}{\sqrt {a \sec \left (f x + e\right ) + a}} \,d x } \]
Timed out. \[ \int \frac {\sqrt {c+d \sec (e+f x)}}{\sqrt {a+a \sec (e+f x)}} \, dx=\int \frac {\sqrt {c+\frac {d}{\cos \left (e+f\,x\right )}}}{\sqrt {a+\frac {a}{\cos \left (e+f\,x\right )}}} \,d x \]